Alankar in Hindi (अलंकार): Types, Examples and Trick to Identify for SSC CGL, CHSL

Alankar (अलंकार) are the figures of speech that make a poem more beautiful. In SSC Hindi, the question is: "Find the alankar in the given line." These alankar in Hindi notes for SSC explain the two types, give a short definition and an example of each important alankar, and a simple trick to identify it in 10 seconds.

Two Main Types of Alankar

Shabdalankar (शब्दालंकार)

Arthalankar (अर्थालंकार)

Trick to Identify the Alankar

1. Look for repeating letters (च, स, म): it is अनुप्रास.
2. Look for a repeating word with two meanings: it is यमक.
3. Look for one word with two meanings at once (not repeated): it is श्लेष.
4. Look for सा, सी, से, सम, जैसे, सरिस (comparison words): it is उपमा.
5. Look for मानो, जनु, मनहुँ (imagination words): it is उत्प्रेक्षा.
6. Look for a direct statement "A is B" without any comparison word: it is रूपक.
7. Look for an impossible exaggeration: it is अतिशयोक्ति.
8. Look for nature that talks, laughs or cries: it is मानवीकरण.

Parts of Upma Alankar

Solved Examples

Example 1. "चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें खेल रही हैं जल थल में" — कौन-सा अलंकार है?
The letter च repeats, so it is अनुप्रास.

Example 2. "चरण कमल बंदौं हरि राई" — कौन-सा अलंकार है?
The feet are said to be the lotus without any word of comparison, so it is रूपक.

Example 3. "पीपर पात सरिस मन डोला" — कौन-सा अलंकार है?
The word सरिस shows comparison, so it is उपमा.

Example 4. "फूल हँसे कलियाँ मुसकाईं" — कौन-सा अलंकार है?
Flowers laugh and buds smile like humans, so it is मानवीकरण.

Quick Tips

• Learn the identification clue of each alankar (repeated letter, repeated word, comparison word).
• Learn the two or three famous lines of each alankar.
• Do not confuse यमक (a repeated word) with श्लेष (a word with many meanings at once).
• Do not confuse उपमा (a comparison word) with रूपक (no comparison word).

Quick Revision Points

• अनुप्रास, यमक and श्लेष are शब्दालंकार.
• उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, अतिशयोक्ति and मानवीकरण are अर्थालंकार.
• उपमा has a comparison word and रूपक has none.
• उत्प्रेक्षा uses मानो, जनु and मनहुँ.
• श्लेष does not repeat the word.

Practice Questions With Answers

1. "चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: अनुप्रास
2. "कनक कनक ते सौ गुनी मादकता अधिकाय" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: यमक
3. "रहिमन पानी राखिए बिन पानी सब सून" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: श्लेष
4. "पीपर पात सरिस मन डोला" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: उपमा
5. "चरण कमल बंदौं हरि राई" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: रूपक
6. "फूल हँसे कलियाँ मुसकाईं" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: मानवीकरण
7. "हनुमान की पूँछ में लग न पायी आग, लंका सारी जल गई गए निशाचर भाग" में कौन-सा अलंकार है?
   Answer: अतिशयोक्ति
8. Which alankar has the clue "मानो" or "जनु"?
   Answer: उत्प्रेक्षा
9. यमक और श्लेष में क्या अंतर है?
   Answer: यमक में शब्द दोहराया जाता है, श्लेष में एक शब्द के कई अर्थ होते हैं
10. उपमा के कितने अंग होते हैं?
    Answer: चार (उपमेय, उपमान, साधारण धर्म, वाचक शब्द)

How to Practise This Chapter

Practise 10 questions every day and write the steps on paper. Then attempt timed sets from our practice papers and the previous year papers page. See all topics on the General Hindi notes page, read the previous topic Ras in Hindi and the next topic Karak in Hindi.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is alankar in Hindi?

Alankar is a figure of speech that adds beauty to a poem or a sentence.

How many types of alankar are there?

There are two main types: shabdalankar and arthalankar.

What is anupras alankar?

It is the repeated use of the same letter or sound, as in "चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें".

What is the difference between yamak and shlesh?

In yamak the word is repeated with different meanings, and in shlesh one word gives many meanings at the same place.

What is upma alankar?

It is the comparison of one thing with another using a word like सा, सी or सरिस.

What is rupak alankar?

It is the alankar in which the thing and its comparison are said to be the same, without a word of comparison.

What is utpreksha alankar?

It is the alankar in which a thing is imagined to be another thing, with the words मानो, जनु or मनहुँ.

What is atishyokti alankar?

It is an extreme exaggeration beyond what is possible.

What is manvikaran alankar?

It is the alankar in which nature is given human feelings and actions.

Is alankar asked in SSC exams?

Yes. Alankar questions are asked in Hindi grammar sections of SSC and state exams.

How can I identify the alankar quickly?

Look for the clue word: repeated letter, repeated word, comparison word, imagination word or exaggeration.

Which alankars should I learn first?

Learn anupras, yamak, shlesh, upma, rupak and utpreksha first, because they are asked the most.