Samas in Hindi Notes for SSC Exams
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
In this note
- 1.Samas and Vigraha
- 2.Six Types of Samas
- 3.अव्ययीभाव समास
- 4.तत्पुरुष समास and Its Types
- 5.कर्मधारय समास
- 6.द्विगु समास
- 7.द्वंद्व समास
- 8.बहुव्रीहि समास
- 9.Trick to Identify the Samas
- 10.Difference Between Karmadharay and Bahuvrihi
- 11.Quick Tips
- 12.Quick Revision Points
- 13.Practice Questions With Answers
- 14.How to Practise This Chapter
- 15.Frequently Asked Questions
PDF Notes: Samas in Hindi Notes for SSC Exams
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Samas (समास) means the joining of two or more words into one word, without changing the meaning. The separation of a samas word into its original words is called samas vigraha (समास विग्रह). SSC Hindi asks the type of samas of a given word or the vigraha of a word. These samas in Hindi notes for SSC explain the six types with examples and a trick to identify each type, in simple language.
Samas and Vigraha
| Samas word | Vigraha | Type |
|---|---|---|
| राजकुमार | राजा का कुमार | तत्पुरुष |
| नीलकमल | नीला है जो कमल | कर्मधारय |
| माता-पिता | माता और पिता | द्वंद्व |
| दशानन | दस हैं आनन जिसके | बहुव्रीहि |
| चौराहा | चार राहों का समूह | द्विगु |
| प्रतिदिन | हर दिन | अव्ययीभाव |
Six Types of Samas
| Samas | Which word is important (pradhan) | Short meaning |
|---|---|---|
| अव्ययीभाव (Avyayibhav) | First word | First word is an avyay (indeclinable); the whole word works like an adverb |
| तत्पुरुष (Tatpurush) | Second word | Case marks (का, को, से, में) are hidden between the words |
| कर्मधारय (Karmadharay) | Second word | The two words are related as adjective-noun or comparison |
| द्विगु (Dvigu) | Second word | First word is a number and the word shows a group |
| द्वंद्व (Dvandva) | Both words | Both words are equally important and are joined by "और" or "तथा" |
| बहुव्रीहि (Bahuvrihi) | Neither word | The word points to a third, different meaning |
अव्ययीभाव समास
| Word | Vigraha |
|---|---|
| यथाशक्ति | शक्ति के अनुसार |
| प्रतिदिन | दिन-दिन |
| आजीवन | जीवन भर |
| भरपेट | पेट भरकर |
| यथासंभव | जितना संभव हो |
| बेकाम | बिना काम के |
तत्पुरुष समास and Its Types
| Type | Case mark | Example and vigraha |
|---|---|---|
| कर्म तत्पुरुष | को | स्वर्गप्राप्त = स्वर्ग को प्राप्त |
| करण तत्पुरुष | से, के द्वारा | हस्तलिखित = हाथ से लिखित |
| संप्रदान तत्पुरुष | के लिए | देशभक्ति = देश के लिए भक्ति |
| अपादान तत्पुरुष | से (अलग होना) | देशनिकाला = देश से निकाला |
| संबंध तत्पुरुष | का, के, की | राजपुत्र = राजा का पुत्र |
| अधिकरण तत्पुरुष | में, पर | नरश्रेष्ठ = नरों में श्रेष्ठ |
कर्मधारय समास
| Kind | Example and vigraha |
|---|---|
| विशेषण-विशेष्य | नीलकमल = नीला है जो कमल; महात्मा = महान है जो आत्मा |
| उपमान-उपमेय | चंद्रमुख = चंद्र के समान मुख; कमलनयन = कमल के समान नयन |
द्विगु समास
| Word | Vigraha |
|---|---|
| चौराहा | चार राहों का समूह |
| नवरत्न | नौ रत्नों का समूह |
| पंचवटी | पाँच वटों का समूह |
| त्रिलोक | तीन लोकों का समूह |
| सप्ताह | सात दिनों का समूह |
द्वंद्व समास
| Word | Vigraha |
|---|---|
| माता-पिता | माता और पिता |
| राम-लक्ष्मण | राम और लक्ष्मण |
| दाल-रोटी | दाल और रोटी |
| सुख-दुख | सुख और दुख |
| भाई-बहन | भाई और बहन |
बहुव्रीहि समास
| Word | Vigraha |
|---|---|
| दशानन | दस हैं आनन जिसके (रावण) |
| लंबोदर | लंबा है उदर जिसका (गणेश) |
| पीतांबर | पीले हैं अंबर जिसके (श्रीकृष्ण) |
| चतुर्भुज | चार हैं भुजाएँ जिसकी (विष्णु) |
| नीलकंठ | नीला है कंठ जिसका (शिव) |
Trick to Identify the Samas
- If the first word is important and it is an avyay (प्रति, यथा, आ, भर, बे), it is अव्ययीभाव.
- If both words are equally important and "और" fits between them, it is द्वंद्व.
- If the first word is a number, it is mostly द्विगु.
- If the words show an adjective-noun or a comparison ("के समान"), it is कर्मधारय.
- If a case mark (का, को, से, में) fits between the words, it is तत्पुरुष.
- If the word means a third person or thing, such as a god or a demon, it is बहुव्रीहि.
Difference Between Karmadharay and Bahuvrihi
| Point | Karmadharay | Bahuvrihi |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | The word means the second word itself | The word means a third thing |
| Example | नीलकमल (a blue lotus) | नीलकंठ (Shiva, not a blue throat) |
| Vigraha | नीला है जो कमल | नीला है कंठ जिसका |
Quick Tips
- Ask which word is prominent: first (अव्ययीभाव), second (तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु), both (द्वंद्व) or neither (बहुव्रीहि).
- Write the vigraha first, because the vigraha shows the type.
- Learn five examples of each samas.
- Do not confuse कर्मधारय and बहुव्रीहि: see whether the word means a third thing.
Quick Revision Points
- Samas means joining of words, and vigraha means separating them.
- There are six types of samas.
- Dvandva uses और between the words.
- Dvigu has a number as the first word.
- Bahuvrihi gives a third meaning.
Practice Questions With Answers
- माता-पिता में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: द्वंद्व समास - दशानन में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: बहुव्रीहि समास - चौराहा में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: द्विगु समास - प्रतिदिन में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: अव्ययीभाव समास - नीलकमल में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: कर्मधारय समास - राजपुत्र का समास विग्रह क्या है?
Answer: राजा का पुत्र (तत्पुरुष) - नीलकंठ का समास कौन सा है?
Answer: बहुव्रीहि (शिव) - यथाशक्ति में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: अव्ययीभाव समास - सुख-दुख में कौन सा समास है?
Answer: द्वंद्व समास - How many types of samas are there?
Answer: Six
How to Practise This Chapter
Learn the vigraha of ten words daily and write the type of samas next to each. Then solve questions from our practice papers and the previous year papers page. Read the previous chapters, Sandhi in Hindi and Muhavare in Hindi, and the next chapter, Paryayvachi and Vilom Shabd. See all topics on the General Hindi notes page.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is samas in Hindi?
Samas is the joining of two or more words into one word without changing the meaning, such as राजा का कुमार becoming राजकुमार.
What is samas vigraha?
Samas vigraha is the separation of a samas word into its original words, such as राजकुमार becoming राजा का कुमार.
How many types of samas are there?
There are six types: अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व and बहुव्रीहि.
What is Dvandva samas?
In Dvandva samas both words are equally important, and "और" can be placed between them, as in माता-पिता.
What is Dvigu samas?
In Dvigu samas the first word is a number, and the word shows a group, as in चौराहा and नवरत्न.
What is Bahuvrihi samas?
In Bahuvrihi samas neither word is important, and the word means a third thing, as in दशानन meaning Ravana.
What is the difference between Karmadharay and Bahuvrihi?
In Karmadharay the word means the second word, such as a blue lotus. In Bahuvrihi it means a third person or thing, such as Shiva for नीलकंठ.
What is Tatpurush samas?
In Tatpurush samas the second word is important, and a case mark such as का, को, से or में is hidden, as in राजपुत्र.
What is Avyayibhav samas?
In Avyayibhav samas the first word is an avyay and is important, and the whole word works like an adverb, as in प्रतिदिन.
How can I identify samas quickly?
Find which word is important, write the vigraha and check whether a case mark, a number, "और" or a third meaning comes out.
Is samas asked in SSC exams?
Yes. Samas is asked in the SSC exams that have a Hindi section, such as GD and MTS.
How many questions come from samas in SSC exams?
Usually one or two questions come from samas, but the number changes from year to year.
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Muhavare in Hindi with Meaning Notes for SSC Exams
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Paryayvachi and Vilom Shabd Notes for SSC Exams
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Rahul is a senior SSC exam strategist with 8+ years of experience helping aspirants crack CGL, CHSL and MTS exams. He writes in-depth notification breakdowns, exam pattern guides and preparation strategies.