Pratyay in Hindi (प्रत्यय): Types, List and Examples with Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
In this note
- 1.What Is a Pratyay?
- 2.Two Types of Pratyay
- 3.Important Krit Pratyay (कृत् प्रत्यय)
- 4.Important Taddhit Pratyay (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
- 5.How to Identify a Pratyay
- 6.Difference Between Upsarg and Pratyay
- 7.Solved Examples
- 8.Quick Tips
- 9.Quick Revision Points
- 10.Practice Questions With Answers
- 11.How to Practise This Chapter
- 12.Frequently Asked Questions
PDF Notes: Pratyay in Hindi (प्रत्यय): Types, List and Examples with Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL, MTS
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Pratyay (प्रत्यय) are the word parts that are added after a root word to form a new word, such as बल + वान = बलवान and लिख + आवट = लिखावट. SSC Hindi asks you to find the pratyay in a word, to separate the word into the root and the pratyay, or to make a new word with a given pratyay. These pratyay in Hindi notes for SSC give the two types, the important list with examples and tricks.
What Is a Pratyay?
A pratyay (प्रत्यय) is a word part (a suffix) that is added at the end of a word. It changes the meaning or the word class (noun, adjective). The word to which it is added is the root word (मूल शब्द या धातु).
Two Types of Pratyay
| Type | Added to | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| कृत् प्रत्यय (Krit) | धातु (verb root) | लिख + आवट = लिखावट; पढ़ + आई = पढ़ाई; घबरा + हट = घबराहट; लिख + अक = लेखक |
| तद्धित प्रत्यय (Taddhit) | संज्ञा, सर्वनाम या विशेषण | बच्चा + पन = बचपन; बल + वान = बलवान; भारत + ईय = भारतीय; समाज + इक = सामाजिक |
Important Krit Pratyay (कृत् प्रत्यय)
| Pratyay | Examples |
|---|---|
| अक | लेखक, पाठक, गायक, नायक |
| आई | पढ़ाई, लड़ाई, लिखाई, कमाई |
| आवट | सजावट, लिखावट, बनावट, थकावट |
| हट | घबराहट, चिल्लाहट, मुस्कुराहट |
| आवा | बुलावा, पहनावा, चढ़ावा |
| ना | करना, पढ़ना, लिखना |
| ता हुआ | चलता हुआ, पढ़ता हुआ |
| अन | चलन, मिलन, जलन |
Important Taddhit Pratyay (तद्धित प्रत्यय)
| Pratyay | Examples |
|---|---|
| पन | बचपन, लड़कपन, अपनापन |
| ता | सुंदरता, मानवता, मित्रता |
| त्व | महत्त्व, मनुष्यत्व, नेतृत्व |
| ई | गरीबी, अमीरी, दोस्ती |
| इक | सामाजिक, धार्मिक, ऐतिहासिक |
| ईय | भारतीय, राष्ट्रीय, स्वर्गीय |
| वान | बलवान, गुणवान, धनवान |
| मान | बुद्धिमान, श्रीमान, गतिमान |
| वाला | दूधवाला, घरवाला, फलवाला |
| आलु | दयालु, कृपालु, शंकालु |
| इया | बढ़िया, घटिया, छलिया |
| ऊ | बाज़ारू, घरेलू, टिकाऊ |
How to Identify a Pratyay
- Look at the end of the word and remove a part that is not a word by itself (वान, ता, पन, इक).
- Check that the remaining part is a meaningful root (बल, सुंदर, बच्चा).
- If the root is a verb (लिख, पढ़), it is a krit pratyay. If the root is a noun or an adjective (बल, समाज), it is a taddhit pratyay.
- Remember that the vowel of the root can change (लिख + अक = लेखक).
Difference Between Upsarg and Pratyay
| Point | Upsarg | Pratyay |
|---|---|---|
| Position | Before the word | After the word |
| Example | प्र + बल = प्रबल | बल + वान = बलवान |
| Count | 22 Sanskrit upsarg | Many, in two types |
Solved Examples
Example 1. "बचपन" में प्रत्यय बताइए।
बचपन = बच्चा + पन, so the pratyay is पन (taddhit).
Example 2. "घबराहट" में प्रत्यय बताइए।
घबराहट = घबरा + हट, so the pratyay is हट (krit).
Example 3. "भारतीय" में प्रत्यय क्या है?
भारतीय = भारत + ईय, so the pratyay is ईय.
Example 4. "बुद्धिमान" में प्रत्यय क्या है?
बुद्धिमान = बुद्धि + मान, so the pratyay is मान.
Quick Tips
- Learn the krit and taddhit lists with two examples each.
- Check whether the root is a verb or a noun to find the type.
- Remember the difference: upsarg is before and pratyay is after.
- Practise separating 10 words into root and pratyay daily.
Quick Revision Points
- Pratyay comes after the root word.
- Krit pratyay is added to a verb root and taddhit pratyay to a noun or an adjective.
- पन, ता, त्व, ई, इक and ईय are common taddhit pratyay.
- अक, आई, आवट and हट are common krit pratyay.
- The vowel of the root can change after a pratyay is added.
Practice Questions With Answers
- बचपन में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: पन - घबराहट में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: हट - भारतीय में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: ईय - बुद्धिमान में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: मान - सामाजिक में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: इक - लिखावट में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: आवट - दयालु में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: आलु - सुंदरता में प्रत्यय कौन-सा है?
Answer: ता - What is a pratyay added to a verb called?
Answer: Krit pratyay - What is a pratyay added to a noun or an adjective called?
Answer: Taddhit pratyay
How to Practise This Chapter
Practise 10 questions every day and write the steps on paper. Then attempt timed sets from our practice papers and the previous year papers page. See all topics on the General Hindi notes page, read the previous topic Upsarg in Hindi and the next topic Ras in Hindi.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a pratyay in Hindi?
A pratyay is a word part that is added after a root word to form a new word, such as वान in बलवान.
How many types of pratyay are there?
There are two main types: krit pratyay and taddhit pratyay.
What is a krit pratyay?
It is a pratyay that is added to a verb root, as in लिखावट and पढ़ाई.
What is a taddhit pratyay?
It is a pratyay that is added to a noun, a pronoun or an adjective, as in बचपन and भारतीय.
What is the difference between upsarg and pratyay?
An upsarg comes before the word and a pratyay comes after the word.
What is the pratyay of बलवान?
The pratyay is वान.
What is the pratyay of गरीबी?
The pratyay is ई.
Can a word have both upsarg and pratyay?
Yes. For example, "अपमानित" has the upsarg अप and the pratyay इत.
Is pratyay asked in SSC exams?
Yes. Upsarg and pratyay questions are asked in Hindi grammar sections.
How can I learn the pratyay list?
Write each pratyay with two examples and revise the list every day.
What is the pratyay of मुस्कुराहट?
The pratyay is हट.
What are the common mistakes?
Confusing upsarg with pratyay and not checking the root word.
Previous chapter
Upsarg in Hindi (उपसर्ग): List, Examples, Types and Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL
Next chapter
Ras in Hindi (रस): 9 Ras, Sthayi Bhav and Examples with Trick for SSC CGL, CHSL
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Rahul is a senior SSC exam strategist with 8+ years of experience helping aspirants crack CGL, CHSL and MTS exams. He writes in-depth notification breakdowns, exam pattern guides and preparation strategies.